Based on his charismatic creative faculties and poetic dimensions, the name of Josh Malihabadi holds a highly illustrious and radiant position in the history of Urdu literature. While Josh Malihabadi created valuable and invaluable literature in other genres of Urdu, he not only expanded the thematic scope of the Urdu Marsiya (elegy) but also aligned it with the demands of the modern era, due to which he is formally regarded as the founder of the modern Marsiya. Through his elegies, Josh endeavored to propagate the message of Imam Hussain (A.S) rather than focusing merely on his martyrdom; he emphasized the utilitarian aspects of the Marsiya more than the act of lamentation. He presented Imam Hussain (A.S) not merely as a religious leader, but as a 'Perfect Man' and a standard-bearer for revolutionaries. By utilizing the characters and events of Karbala as a backdrop, he successfully sought to ignite a spirit of revolt among Indians against oppressive forces, particularly British Imperialism. In the present research paper, a critical review of Josh Malihabadi's Marsiya writing has been conducted in light of the intellectual and political situation of the modern era, with a specific focus on highlighting the political dimensions of his elegies.

References:

1. Mohammad Irfan, Josh Malihabadi: Lafziyat wa Nafsiyati Rujhanat, (Delhi: Educational Publishing House, 2009) p. 106

2. Josh Malih Abadi, Yadon ki Barat, (Karachi: Josh Academy, 1970) p. 322

3. Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shayari: Bar-e-Sagheer mein Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asraat ka Umrani Mutala, Mahula Bala, p. 40

4. Ibid, p. 41-42

5. Ibid, p. 45

6. Dr. Syed Fazl-e-Imam Rizvi, Josh ka Aqida-e-Mazhab in Josh Malihabadi: Khususi Mutala, Ed. by Qamar Rais (Delhi: Takhleeqkar Publishers, 2005), p. 83

7. Mohammad Raza Kazmi, Jadeed Urdu Marsiya, (Lahore: Peace Publications, 2021), p. 46-85

8. Ibid, p. 137

9. Ali Ahmed Fatimi, Jis ko Josh Kehte Hain, (Karachi: Virsa Publications, 2022), p. 145

10. Ibid, p. 146

11. Dr. Syed Mohammad Aqeel, Josh ki Marsiya nigari par kuch Baatein, in magazine Josh Shinaasi, No. 6 (December, 2009), p. 42

12. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh kay Inqalabi Marsiye, (Norway: Tauheed Islamic Centre Oslo, 2010), p. 80

13. Dr. Syed Mohammad Aqeel, Josh ki Marsiya nigari par kuch Baatein, p. 44-45

14. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh kay Inqalabi Marsiye, p. 139

15. Yawar Abbas, Josh ke Do Ishq, in Risaai Adab, Issue 4 (October- December 1996, Josh Number), p. 30

16. Syed Ahmad Mehdi, Josh Malihabadi ki Marsiya nigari, (unpublished thesis for PhD, Kanpur University, Lucknow), p. 167-171

17. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Jadeed Marsiye kay Teen Maimaar, (Karachi: Pakistan Readers Guild, 1977), p. 12

18. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh ke Inqalabi Marsiye, p. 194

19. Professor Ehtesham Hussain, Josh: Ek Ta'arufi Mutala in Monthly Afkar (Josh Number, 1961), p. 13

20. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh kay Inqalabi Marsiye, p. 300

21. Khaliq Anjum (Ed.), Josh Malihabadi kay Khutoot, (New Delhi: Samar Offset Printers, 1998), p. 174

22. Dr. Ismat Malihabadi (Ed.), Kulliyat-e-Marasi-e-Josh Malihabadi, (New Delhi: Fareed Book Dept (Pvt) Ltd. n.d.), P. 55

23. Dr. Zameer Akhtar Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi kay Marsiye, P. 15

24. Ibid, P. 16

25. Muhammad Reza Kazmi, Jadeed Urdu Marsiya, P. 89-90

26. Ibid, P. 92

27. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh kay Inqilabi Marsiye, P. 44

28. Muhammad Reza Kazmi, Jadeed Urdu Marsiya, P. 90

29. Ibid.

30. Dr. Zameer Akhtar Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi kay Marsiye, P. 16, 17

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid.

33. Dr. Syed Muhammad Aqeel, Josh ki Marsiya nigari par kuch Baatein,  P. 51-52

34. Dr. Zameer Akhtar Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi kay Marsiye, P. 18-19

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid, P. 23-24

37. Ibid.

Biblpgraphy

1. Irfan, Mohammad, Josh Malihabadi: Lafziyat wa Nafsiyati Rujhanat, Delhi: Educational Publishing House, 2009

2. Josh Malih Abadi, Yadon ki Barat, Karachi: Josh Academy, 1970

3. Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shayari: Bar-e-Sagheer mein Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asraat ka Umrani Mutala, Un publuushed Thesis  of Ph.D , Department of Sociology, University of Karachi.year not mention, p. 40

4. Dr. Syed Fazl-e-Imam Rizvi, Josh ka Aqida-e-Mazhab in Josh Malihabadi: Khususi Mutala, Ed. by Qamar Rais, Delhi: Takhleeqkar Publishers, 2005

5. Mohammad Raza Kazmi, Jadeed Urdu Marsiya, Lahore: Peace Publications, 2021

6. Ali Ahmed Fatimi, Jis ko Josh Kehte Hain, Karachi: Virsa Publications, 2022

7. Dr. Hilal Naqvi (Ed.), Josh kay Inqalabi Marsiye, Norway: Tauheed Islamic Centre Oslo, 2010

8. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Jadeed Marsiye kay Teen Maimaar, Karachi: Pakistan Readers Guild, 1977

9. Khaliq Anjum (Ed.), Josh Malihabadi kay Khutoot, New Delhi: Samar Offset Printers, 1998

10. Dr. Ismat Malihabadi (Ed.), Kulliyat-e-Marasi-e-Josh Malihabadi, New Delhi: Fareed Book Dept (Pvt) Ltd. n.d.

Unpublished work

1. Mehdi, Syed Ahmad, Josh Malihabadi ki Marsiya nigari, unpublished thesis for PhD, Kanpur University, Lucknow, year of publication, not present.

Journals and papers

1. Monthly Afkar, Josh Number, 1961

2. Quarterly Josh Shinasi, Karachi, No. 4, April 2009 (Josh Seminar Number)

3. Quarterly, Josh Shinasi, Karachi, No. 6, December, 2009

4. Quarterly Risaai Adab, No. 4, October-December, 1996 (Josh Number)

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