While the twentieth century is a century of great importance in the global context, it is also very important from the point of view of the political, economic, literary and intellectual situation of the Indian subcontinent. Where the political and intellectual situation of this century affected other areas of life, it also completely changed the literary landscape of that period. And in this century, including Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and many other great poets of Urdu, intellectual poets like Josh Malihabadi could not live without being affected by this situation. Through his sublime poetry and his universal thoughts, he played an important role in defining the intellectual and political destiny of the revolutionary and enlightened minds of the twentieth century and the new generations of twentieth century India. And Josh Malihabadi has not only influenced the people of the twentieth century through his high harmonious poetry and diverse thoughts, but even today in the twenty 1^st century, rationalist and enlightened people are guided by his poetry and thoughts.

Refrences:

1. Dr. Syed Jafar Ahamad, Takhliqat-e-Josh ki Fikri Bunyadain in Daily Jang, 15th January, 2024, https://jang.com.pk/news/1053980

2. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat aurr Fan, (Islamabad: Pakistan Academy of Letters, 2007), p. 89

3. Ibid, p. 92-93

4. Iqbal Haidar, Nadeedni hunn Josh, (Karachi: Alfaz Foundation, 2017), p. 73

5. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat aurr Fan, p. 84

6. Ibid, p. 86-87

7. Gopi chand Narang, Sha’ir-e-Hurriyat-o-Fitrat: Josh Malihabadi in bi-monthly Alfaz, No. 4 & 5 (July to October, 1982), p. 45

8. Dr. Hilal Naqvi, Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat aurr Fan, p. 68

9. Ibid, p. 69-70

10. Ibid, p. 71

11. Ibid, p. 71-72

12. Ibid, p. 72-75

13. Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shairi: Barr-e-Sagheer main Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asrat ka Umarani Mutala, (Unpublished research thesis for PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, 2022), p. 59

14. Muhammad Irfan, Josh Malihabadi: Lafziat-o-Nafsiyati, Rujahanat, (Dehli: Educational Publishing House, 2009), p. 106

15. Josh Malihabadi, Yadon ki Barat, (Karachi: Josh Academy, 1970), p. 322

16. Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shairi: Barr-e-Sagheer main Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asrat ka Umarani Mutala, p. 40

17. Ibid, p. 41, 42

18. Raghib Muradabadi, Hamarey Josh Sahib, Edited by Khursheed Ali Khan, (Karachi: Zeeshan Kitab Ghar, 1996), p. 35

19. Dr. Yahya Ahmed, Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat, Afkar or Zaban-o-Bayan, (Lahore: Naya Zamana Publication, 2009), p. 30

20. Ibid

21.  Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shairi: Barr-e-Sagheer main Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asrat ka Umarani Mutala, p. 48

22. Dr. Syed Fazl Imam Rizvi, Josh ka Aqeeda-o-Mazhab in Josh Malihabadi ka Khususi Mutala, Edited by Qamar Raees (Publisher and date not mentioned)

Bibliography:

1. Ahmed, Yahya, Dr., Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat, Afkar or Zaban-o-Bayan, Lahore: Naya Zamana Publication, 2009

2. Haidar, Iqbal, Nadeedni hunn Josh, Karachi: Alfaz Foundation, 2017

3. Irfan, Muhammad, Josh Malihabadi: Lafziat-o-Nafsiyati, Rujahanat, Dehli: Educational Publishing House, 2009

4. Malihabadi, Josh, Yadon ki Barat, Karachi: Josh Academy, 1970

5. Muradabadi, Raghib, Hamarey Josh Sahib, Edited by Khursheed Ali Khan, Karachi: Zeeshan Kitab Ghar, 1996

6. Naqvi, Hilal, Dr., Josh Malihabadi: Shakhsiyat aurr Fan, Islamabad: Pakistan Academy of Letters, 2007

7. Rizvi, Syed Fazl Imam, Dr., Josh ka Aqeeda-o-Mazhab in Josh Malihabadi ka Khususi Mutala, Edited by Qamar Raees, Publisher and date not mentioned

Journals and Newspaper

1. Daily Jang, 15th January, 2024

2. Bi-monthly Alfaz, No. 4 & 5 July to October, 1982

Unpublished work

1. Syed Jafar Askari, Josh Malihabadi ki Siyasi Shairi: Barr-e-Sagheer main Tehreek-e-Azadi par Asrat ka Umarani Mutala, Unpublished research thesis for PhD, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, 2022

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